Difference Between General Law and Special Law

Legal Notes Conflict between special and general law By Judge Gabriel T. Ingles Cebu Daily News First Posted 11:59:00 10/12/2007 Filed Under: Laws Reprint this articleSend as an e-mailPost a commentRelated ArticlesPelaez gets court reliefEsperon dares coup plotters: Tell truth in courtCalifornia bans smoking in cars with child passengers Also in this sectionGestaltwerte pa si PB Member TebanPartnership for better infrastructureWorthy TanodbayanJoavan’s comeuppanceBulls are backWhen deeds speakIn need of creativityHealing the waterLimiting, not eliminating fatNo idling ordinance a must Advertisement Vinzons-Chato vs. Fortune Tobacco Corporation, G. R. No. 141309, June 19, 2007 – A general statute is one which embraces a class of subjects or places and does not omit any subject or place naturally belonging to such class. A special statute, as the term is generally understood, is one which relates to particular persons or things of a class or to a particular portion or section of the state only. A general law and a special law on the same subject are statutes in pari materia and should, accordingly, be read together and harmonized, if possible, with a view to giving effect to both.The rule is that where there are two acts, one of which is special and particular and the other general which, if standing alone, would include the same matter and thus conflict with the special act, the special law must prevail since it evinces the legislative intent more clearly than that of a general statute and must not be taken as intended to affect the more particular and specific provisions of the earlier act, unless it is absolutely necessary so to construe it in order to give its words any meaning at all. The circumstance that the special law is passed before or after the general act does not change the principle.Where the special law is later, it will be regarded as an exception to, or a qualification of, the prior general act; and where the general act is later, the special statute will be construed as remaining an exception to its terms, unless repealed expressly or by necessary implicati on. 22 Thus, in City of Manila v. Teotico, the Court held that Article 2189 of the Civil Code which holds provinces, cities, and municipalities civilly liable for death or injuries by reason of defective conditions of roads and other public works, is a special provision and should prevail over Section 4 of Republic Act No. 09, the Charter of Manila, in determining the liability for defective street conditions. Under said Charter, the city shall not be held for damages or injuries arising from the failure of the local officials to enforce the provision of the charter, law, or ordinance, or from negligence while enforcing or attempting to enforce the same. As explained by the Court: Manila maintains that the former provision should prevail over the latter, because Republic Act 409 is a special law, intended exclusively for the City of Manila, whereas the Civil Code is a general law, applicable to the entire Philippines.The Court of Appeals, however, applied the Civil Code, and, we thi nk, correctly. It is true that, insofar as its territorial application is concerned, Republic Act No. 409 is a special law and the Civil Code a general legislation; but, as regards the subject matter of the provisions above quoted, Section 4 of Republic Act 409 establishes a general rule regulating the liability of the City of Manila for ? damages or injury to persons or property arising from the failure of? city officers ? to enforce the provisions of? said Act ? or any other law or ordinance, or from negligence? of the city ?Mayor, Municipal Board, or other officers while enforcing or attempting to enforce said provisions.? Upon the other hand, Article 2189 of the Civil Code constitutes a particular prescription making ? provinces, cities and municipalities . . . liable for damages for the death of, or injury suffered by, any person by reason? ? specifically ? ?of the defective condition of roads, streets, bridges, public buildings, and other public works under their control or su pervision.? In other words, said section 4 refers to liability arising from negligence, in general, regardless of the object thereof, whereas Article 2189 governs liability due to ? efective streets,? in particular. Since the present action is based upon the alleged defective condition of a road, said Article 2189 is decisive thereon. In the case of Bagatsing v. Ramirez, the issue was which law should govern the publication of a tax ordinance, the City Charter of Manila, a special act which treats ordinances in general and which requires their publication before enactment and after 23 approval, or the Tax Code, a general law, which deals in particular with ? ordinances levying or imposing taxes, fees or other charges,? nd which demands publication only after approval. In holding that it is the Tax Code which should prevail, the Court elucidated that: There is no question that the Revised Charter of the City of Manila is a special act since it relates only to the City of Manila, wher eas the Local Tax Code is a general law because it applies universally to all local governments. Blackstone defines general law as a universal rule affecting the entire community and special law as one relating to particular persons or things of a class.And the rule commonly said is that a prior special law is not ordinarily repealed by a subsequent general law. The fact that one is special and the other general creates a presumption that the special is to be considered as remaining an exception of the general, one as a general law of the land, the other as the law of a particular case. However, the rule readily yields to a situation where the special statute refers to a subject in general, which the general statute treats in particular. Th[is] exactly is the circumstance obtaining in the case at bar.Section 17 of the Revised Charter of the City of Manila speaks of ? ordinance? in general, i. e. , irrespective of the nature and scope thereof, whereas, Section 43 of the Local Tax Cod e relates to ? ordinances levying or imposing taxes, fees or other charges? in particular. In regard, therefore, to ordinances in general, the Revised Charter of the City of Manila is doubtless dominant, but, that dominant force loses its continuity when it approaches the realm of ? ordinances levying or imposing taxes, fees or other charges? in particular. There, the Local Tax Code controls.Here, as always, a general provision must give way to a particular provision. Conflict Between Special and General Law Category: Persons and Family Relations Conflict Between Special and General Law What are the rules when a conflict arises between a special and a general law? 1. If the general law was enacted first, the special law is considered the exception to the general law. Therefore the general law remains a good law, and there is no repeal (Lichauco v. Apostol, 44 Phil 138), except insofar as the exception or special law is concerned.However if there are inconsistencies with the general law it is considered as a repeal to the general law. 2. If the special law was enacted first, both special law and general law are good laws unless: a. There is an express declaration to tho contrary. b. Or the is a clear , necessary and unreconcilable conflict (Cia General v. Coll. of Customs, 46 Phil. Cool c. Or unless the subsequent general law covers the whole subject and is clearly intended to replace the special law on the matter. (Joaquin v. Navarro, 81 Phil. 373)

Organise Meetings

Operations manager to take over. All operations of the entire process. In Australia after comment on the proposal has been accepted, the debate will occur that their decisions about where to apply, how much it is emotional, and the result of the release of the flavor of the range states in the country. Australia has been mentioned in the notice must be returned to headquarters in Melbourne, if any, provided that they are not able to. Personal attendance. , Participants are required to bring research papers to be fully advised of their powerful evidence. Company: Ms Dona'sNotice: Date 31-07-2014 Notice is sent by the secretary of Shish (Facilitator) CEO of Ms Dona's Australia. Its purpose to inform 20 days prior to the meeting so that everyone can make a time in their schedule for the meeting. If someone is unable to attend the meeting he has inform the USAF (secretary) with personal call. Palace: Ms Dona's head office 3rd floor 190, Saddened Road Saddened Melbourne Australia Date: 12 -1 1-2014 Time: Bam to loam Us opposed Attendees: Facilitators – Shish(CEO) Marketing manager-M knish National consultant- Art Secretary – Dennis (Time keeper)Minute taker – USAF Objective: Talking about the new range of Ms Donald in Australia. Explain to all the success of this new menu. Agenda: Effective Launch of Ms Dona's new range menu in Australia. Minutes Timing Presenter Task 8 am to 8:05 am Shish (CEO) Welcome amenities in a meeting and ask any apology, she will explain the reason why the meeting. 8:05 to 0 USAF (Minute Taker) They are about the minutes of the meeting of the past and what they decide and what they have received after the decision they have taken in the previous meeting. 8:10 to 8:15Operations manager explained all menu items to the members of her team in the conference. 08:15 to 08:20 Marketing manager of exploration and presentation of all the evidence, all the strategies they used while launching a new menu. â€Å"Taste of America 08 :20 TTT:25 Art describe how they will ensure the quality of products in the store and also in the supply of raw materials. 09:25 to 09:45 Everybody Open discussion of all issues and offer solutions that will be perfect and CEO, will make the final decision. 09:45 to 09:55 CEO Western end marketing techniques in the treatment process. :55 to 10:00 Thank you all for coming and Shish holds a meeting with one month notices. Meeting 2 Brief: The Australian government has launched a new safety standards, known as the â€Å"drop down† it is a matter of technical security. So they can improve their crews towards this new safety standards and it can reduce the impact of any loss of physical ability. Happy regional Manager is responsible for calling this meeting and she will make sure that everyone can share information that they would provide information to workers, their manager.Shish and be ere that all the people working in the stores correctly. Aware of the new safety standard Den nis manager is responsible. In the absence of a store manger to follow every step to ensure accurate measurements. The security of the crew , the assistant manager and the health and safety of staff Art do is to check daily that all safety equipment is up to date and everyone in the store to know how to use them in need . Monish crew training will provide all the information to the crew about safety .Talk about how to provide information about health and safety standards hat have been issued by the Australian government called the Drop down due to an increase in incidences in Australia over the last couple of years. Agenda: Health and Safety in the stores Notice: Date 1-08-2013 Notice is sent by the Regional Manger Baby of Ms Dona's Australia. Its purpose to inform 14 days prior to the meeting so that everyone has to attend the meeting. If someone is unable to attend the meeting he has inform the Baby with personal call. Palace: Ms Dona's head office 3rd floor Date: Time: am to AMA happy -Regional manger Melody: Restaurant manger

City of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

City of God - Essay Example Importance of education The youth gang involvement in urban crime is as a result of lack of education and lack of social and economic mobility. The Brazilians who engage in crime in the film are undoubtedly uneducated. Like other street occupants in the world cities, these youths in the city of God are held in low esteem. Their occupation is crime, begging and barrow-pushing among others (Bromley, 1982). The elite class refers to these people as ‘parasitic occupants’ with disguised unemployment (Bromley, 1982). These descriptions of the street occupants in most cities and especially the young youths are true, but they do not address the causes of these behavioral patterns in the city. In The City of God, the youth gang that develops engages in drug and crime acts. Most of these acts thrive because of poor planning of the government resources. Unequal distribution of resources, therefore, becomes a major cause of youth indulgence in crime (Bromley, 1982). This is because with unequal distribution of resources denies the poor basics such as education and hence lack of employment in the formal sector. Without education, youths spend most of their energetic years struggling for a daily bread and for them to survive, they engage in drug dealings and organized gang crime. For example, in the film, the viewers meet the impoverished thieves known as the ‘Tender trio’ consisted of Clipper, Goose and Shaggy. ... For example, younger boys led by Li’l Dice collide with them to rob occupants of a certain motel. In what can be seen as initiating Li’l into the crime gang, they leave him outside with a gun where he shoots motel inhabitants. At the scene, two members of the trio are killed. Lack of social and economic mobility Socio-economic mobility is the movement of people from one social class to another or one economic level to another. As discussed earlier, there is a strong correlation between education and one’s economic mobility. In The City of God, the young people are unable to secure jobs that would allow them to enhance their economic status (Bromley, 1982). The fact that the young people who form crime gangs in the movie are not employed is an indication that they are not educated. Their involvement in crime while young is a depiction of a sector of urban youths who are idling and surviving in hardships instead of being in school. This means even their parents are not well off or they are not there to support them. Therefore, lack of adequate planning by the government in educating its youths leads to them being denied the most effective and equal process that would enable them to improve their economic mobility. The results of such negligence are blatantly displayed in the movie as thriving of crime and drug business where youths are eliminating each other as a way of surviving. This is a long term effect in the society. Economic mobility starts with ones parents’ inability to take their children to school. Therefore, family background plays a great role in perpetual poverty in urban towns, and this exposes more youths to criminal acts and drug engagements. The evils

Answer the following macroeconomic questions Assignment

Answer the following macroeconomic questions - Assignment Example It is important for management to understand the various factors like risk management, risk diversification, market supply demand etc before making important investments. One of the major factors which led the mortgage crisis in the U.S. is the failure of the regulations in the U.S. mortgage and derivative markets. Actually, the regulations contribute to prudent lending or encourage excessive risk taking by increasing the confidence level of investors in the system which is highly controlled and regulated. However, the old regulations have become ineffective in the current global financial system and there is a need to bring change in the old regulations by introducing new ones. The incompetent and dishonest players are harming the consumers and mortgage broking sector and very few barriers have been made to keep them out of this industry. Therefore, through regulations, the competent and incompetent participants need to be distinguished so that a strong and stable system could be bu ilt. This will surely encourage the investors to take risks and increase their confidence in the industry.

Strategic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic analysis - Essay Example In an organization it’s impossible to control everything therefore chaos must be expected therefore managers must expect opposition from other parties in the organization. They must be able to act democratically and be able to control their anger and emotions in order to deal with diverse reactions in the organization. Chaos also brings the attention of the top management about need to look at the issue at hands (Churchill, 1965). A dynamic system is a system that involves two parties that are in disagreement and require an external interference e.g. chaos in an organization that might require interference by the police agency. A leader can achieve order out of chaos through taking time and understand the major causes of chaos. This is through listening to the parties that are involved in the chaos together with their line of argument. This would work towards deciding on the side to take in order to solve the standoff. These parties also play a major role in giving the leader a possible solution to the chaos. It also gives the leader a variety of strategies that he/she can use in coming up with a lasting solution to the problem. Poor decision by the leader can aggravate the problem as both parties would be unsatisfied by the leader’s decision (Churchill,

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Interview - Essay Example He began working as a part time artist through making portraits on commission. The interview took place on January 10th 2007 at Anthony's residential home. The interview session lasted for 2 hours. Summary of interview Davies Anthony has the knowledge of various cultural diversities across the globe. My interview was based on the above questions which Anthony answered one after another. He describes his background as not representative to his current career since initially he studied economics and his dream was becoming an economic consultant for the rest of his life. However, he became interested with becoming an artist after realizing that he had the talent. He never enrolled in any course related to paintings though he went some classes on how to organize painting exhibitions "painting exhibitions is a trade fair event that brings out artistic identities of various regions in the world". He explains I've been organizing these exhibitions in almost every corner of the world making me intermingle with people from different cultural divides. The exhibitions are attached with various prizes and awards most of which are scoped by Anthony. He says that he does not relate to Henri Rousseau though they came from the same backyard and are in the same field of artistic paintings. However, they share business issues and challenges together. "I chose to work intentionally so as to have a wider customer base for my paintings and also to help me in understanding different cultures" He asserts. Working intentionally is something that Davies had prepared for since he had enrolled for various languages in the linguistic department of Cambridge University via online. The languages were Japanese, Spanish, French, Chinese and Amharic. He speaks the languages...However, he became interested with becoming an artist after realizing that he had the talent. He never enrolled in any course related to paintings though he went some classes on how to organize painting exhibitions "painting exhibitions is a trade fair event that brings out artistic identities of various regions in the world". He explains I've been organizing these exhibitions in almost every corner of the world making me intermingle with people from different cultural divides. The exhibitions are attached with various prizes and awards most of which are scoped by Anthony. He says that he does not relate to Henri Rousseau though they came from the same backyard and are in the same field of artistic paintings. However, they share business issues and challenges together. "I chose to work intentionally so as to have a wider customer base for my paintings and also to help me in understanding different cultures" He asserts. Working intentionally is something that Davies had prepared for since he had enrolled for various languages in the linguistic department of Cambridge University via online. The languages were Japanese, Spanish, French, Chinese and Amharic. He speaks the languages partially while abroad and in France. "My skills of having some knowledge on various languages in the world have been very resourceful as I tour and work in the global

Gender Differences in Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gender Differences in Intelligence - Essay Example Therefore, these theoretical orientations emphasize that over time, different sets of conditions may influence the changes in children's behaviour in different stages of development (Piaget, 1952). Both the maturational and psychoanalytic theories highlight the influence of these internal variables in development of intellectual acumen and behaviour of children in relation to age. From that perspective, early childhood development can be considered to be expression of inborn predispositions primarily, which is an invariant innate process. According to these theories, a child's learning and intellectual development proceed according to a prefixed biologically dictated plan, which could have been determined by the specifics of genetics at the moment of conception. Therefore individual variations in intelligence and cognitive abilities can be reflections of differences in genetic traits. These theories which emphasize the dominant and determining role of innate and internal biological f actors as primary driving forces of early development can be categorized traditionally as nature side of developmental explanations. There is, however, considerable similarity among young children in the early part of their development when learning and education begin. These are best understood by maturational theories. It can be argued that if changes in children's behaviours and intelligence are conceived to be originating from inborn traits primarily, the role of adults would be to just provide appropriate conditions based on appropriate interpretations (Alloway, 1997). However, theories of education in early childhood are based on the belief that parenting and teaching can have considerable impact on the course of young children's development, both educational and intellectual (Jones Diaz and Robinson, 2000). Gender is a significantly important equity issue to be addressed with young children's' development and has consequently been incorporated into educational programmes in early childhood. Over time, research in this area has increased understanding and awareness of the ways gender operating in young children's lives, at least in the early phase of development. Years over, researchers have proposed that spatial and mathematical abilities domains point at gender differences in cognitive abilities since they were known to yield marked differences favouring the males (Ingraham, 1994). Other studies have revealed that throughout elementary school, girls clock better grades in mathematics and other subjects in comparison to the boys. Some researchers have shown that boys' advantage in mathematics is not prominent until secondary school. Current research throwing a close look at children's performance on specific intelligence and cognitive ability test items reveals that both genders are equ al in basic knowledge in mathematics with girls doing better in skills of computation. Despite controversies, boys' advantage appears in reasoning involving geometry and complex word problems. If mathematics or being good at mathematics is a measure of intelligence in early childhood, therefore, girls are no less than the boys (Katz, 1982). In comparison to past paradigms, there have been major

Citibank Internet Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Citibank Internet Banking - Assignment Example banks could honestly claim that Internet banking is, at last, contributing to the bottom line (Johnson, 2006). In this age when a few seconds delay is much too long, why did it take rich banks this long to do it right Which brings us to our key question: are banks finally doing the "right" things "right" Our experiment called for an evaluation of how basic marketing principles and the Internet were combined to produce a successful Internet Banking customer experience. Our findings will show if Citibank U.K. have done their homework, matching strategic vision with real customer needs. In the case of internet banking, this involves the attainment of near-frictionless commerce, allowing customers to connect to the bank and do business anytime and from anywhere, with speed and convenience, and hopefully with each transaction generating value for the customer and a tidy profit for the bank. White and Nteli (2004) in their article's title asked an embarrassing question: some ten years after the hype began, "why are there not enough customers" The estimated millions of customers and the billions in profits were not there. Since then, studies by Datamonitor (2004) and Deutsche Bank (2006) showed that of the U.K.'s 60 million population, an estimated 15 million or 25% regularly do banking transactions on the Internet. Offhand quite an impressive figure, but considering that 80% of households in the U.K. had multiple bank accounts (Cruikshank, 2000), and 40-50% of account holders in Sweden and Finland do internet banking (Deutsche Bank, 2006) - of course, there are only 14 million Swedes and Finns on earth - market penetration remains an issue that point to internet banking's huge, promising, and untapped potential. This essay tries to unravel the mystery with a critical analysis of the internet banking capability of Citibank U.K. But before doing so, we briefly look at the findings of White and Nteli and other academics, and explain our basic method of primary research. A Problem of Banking or Marketing White and Nteli (2004) argued that internet banking is not bringing in the expected numbers because of marketing issues related to five service quality attributes: credibility, security, product variety/diversity, responsiveness, and ease of use. They identified two customer clusters with different priorities: traditional customers with security and credibility concerns, and non-traditional customers focused on ease of use and responsiveness. Both customer clusters gave banks low scores on product variety/diversity, making the authors conclude that this is a potential source of competitive advantage. As White and Nteli (2004) and Kotler and Armstrong (2005) emphasised, systematic application of marketing principles continue to be an important weapon in the banking industry's arsenal, especially in this age of intense global competition. Marketing enables the bank to create value that would attract customers, engaging and retaining them into a long-lasting and profitable relationship. Especially in this age when shopping for value could be done 24/7 at the click of a mouse, banks are pressured to minimise churn whilst maximising customer profitability. Several studies (Stevens, 2006; Wisskirchen, Vater, Wright, De Backer, and Detrick, 2006) show that churn or customer defection rates in key U.K. consumer industries increased from 16.9 percent in 2003 to 19.1 percent in 2005 and

The Crux of the 1939 German Invasion of Poland Essay

The Crux of the 1939 German Invasion of Poland - Essay Example This essay explores that on the 31st of March, France and Britain promised support for Germany. In the meantime the German propaganda instrument had been working solidly to sway public opinion against Poland for false and suspected acts of violence against Germans, and the National Socialists in Danzig, on orders from Berchtesgaden and Berlin, were working on methodically breaking the foundations of the Free City and terrorizing and harassing its Polish occupants. Danzig was already a strong German military base, occupied by Army members and the Party’s military units amounting to a sum of almost 15,000. Poland’s customs inspectorate—retained there within the provisions of the Free City’s agreement-- was one of the primary targets of the wrath of the Danzig National Socialists. A number of occurrences had taken place where in these officials were stopped from accomplishing their tasks, and they had on several instances endured atrocities with casualties. T he Polish government, on the 31st of July, declared that because of the situation they would consider different Danzig institutions as those situated outside of the import-export tax structure of Poland and would place their exports to Poland under the established import taxes. According to Henderson, as a counter-step, the Danzig National Socialists carried on to notify several Polish custom officers that they would not be permitted to continue their jobs anymore. The Polish government, on the 4th of August, taking action under the consent of the British Ambassador at Warsaw, dispatched a solicitous note to the Danzig Senate. It proposed to pull out its tariff policy if the Senate would consent to end its intrusion with the inspectorate’s job, but included an admonition of the grave outcomes which would ensue if the Senate kept on capriciously intruding on Polish civil liberties (Fraser 1945). The Senate gave its approval and awhile it appeared as if the conflict were dying down. But meanwhile, Forster—the Gauleiter of Danzig—had went to Berchtesgaden to consult the state of affairs with Adolph Hitler (Fraser 1945). According to Glen (1941), Hitler made a decision to revive this tension, which had by now been resolved between the Polish government and the Senate; and the strategy he picked was to have a critical letter dispatched from Berlin to Warsaw reprimanding the Polish government for their appeasing letter. The Polish government retorted by showing that it had took action fully within its liberties and in the defense of its legal welfare, and warning that it would consider any intrusion with such interests from foreign entities as an aggressive act. The reply of Hitler was to send huge numbers of forces to Poland’s border (Fraser 1945). On the 22nd of August the British Prime Minister addressed a private note to Hitler ordering him

Gap Inc. in France Essay Example for Free

Gap Inc. in France Essay Since the 16th century, France has been the epicenter of high fashion. From elegant designs of the old royal court to the stylish threads made by contemporary French Fashion Designers like Christian Dior, Coco Chanel and Jean-Paul Gaulthier. Im very sure we would all agree that location is a key factor in the success of a business and France is  known to many if not all  as the fashion capital of the world hosting many world renowned designers such as Gucci, Chanel, Prada and many more. The country has advantages in being well known for fashion in that many consumers have often travelled to France to obtain firsthand experience of the beautiful glamorous lifestyles associated with the country of fashion. In terms of tourism, France is the most visited country in the world and hosts seventy-five million visitors a year. The success of the tourism industry through the fashion attraction has help the economy grow in that people from all over the world bring money from various countries to spend in France. What better place to set up a GAP, Inc. like banana republic. With our growing base of loyal customers in our various different locations, both in our stores and online, we’re confident that shoppers in France will have a strong appetite for banana republic’s proposition of affordable luxury, as we open yet another location. Introducing something new and slightly different would most definitely be a challenge but would also attract and build a new customer relation experience. Identifying Global Business Opportunities Siddha Param of Worldwide Business Connection online magazine begins one of his articles with the quote â€Å"Opportunity is very often found in solving existing inefficiencies in a market†. I believe this statement as true because identifying global markets; making a proper assessment the inefficiencies affecting that particular market; and making a strategic move to fill that need, is the formula for creating successful business. For instance, a local water purification company may be looking to expand their markets. They may see where a particular region has been affected with a natural ditsier, economic straits or any number of situations; but where left with the need of fresh water. A smart opportunity would see the needs of that community and began to supply their goods to fulfill the demands that region. This would be an example of solving existing inefficiencies by identifying business opportunities. In most cases of supply and demand with in the global community has practically fulfilled the wants and need of all consumers. Leaving no room existing inefficiencies to be resolved. In the case of introducing GAP Inc. to France, an already established fashion haven, I would have to ask where the opportunity to succeed in this market is. A possible opportunity would be establishing GAP as an affordable alternative for clothing competitors. In doing so, you would have created an inefficiency to be filled thus opening the door successful operations in a new global market. Analyzing International Competitors Potential Competitors: Gap Inc. competes with local, national, and global department stores, specialty and discount store chains, independent retail stores, and online businesses that market similar lines of merchandise, probably too many to mention. But to name a few of these companies, we feel are similar to ours include brands like Zara (owned by a Spanish company Inditex) and H;amp;M (from Sweden). This designer brands cater to the same target market as GAP Inc. they offer high quality clothes at an expensive price and the crowd is willing to pay that much to look good. Competitive Advantage: Gap’s style will be rooted in simple, easy to wear pieces that form the foundation of any wardrobe – the jean, the khaki, and the pocket tee. It will epitomize casual cool which transcends trend making it easy for people to express their personal style. Our company offers a range of great versatile wardrobe solutions, delivering elevated design and luxurious fabrications at approachable prices while combining contemporary and traditional elements to evoke the brand’s essence of affordable modern. Assessment of the Geographic and Economic Environment of France Geographical Influences: France is located in Western Europe, bordering Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain. The total area covered by France is 419,328 square miles. This number includes France’s other territories located throughout the world including French Guiana (South America), Guadeloupe (Central America and the Caribbean), Martinique (Central America and the Caribbean), Mayotte (Africa), and Reunion (World). Metropolitan France covers an area of 342,807 square miles. France is the 43rd largest country of the world. In comparison, France is slightly smaller than the state of Texas (World Fact book, 2012). France lies between the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel on the west and northwest, and the Mediterranean Sea on the south giving France access to numerous waterways. Metropolitan France is mostly flat plains and gently rolling hills in the north and west, and the remainder is mountainous, especially the Alps in east and the Pyrenees in the south. France’s geographical location allows for a great business opportunity with access to many other European nations. The climate in France is also welcoming with generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean. Major Products and Industries: France is a significant producer of uranium, bauxite, nickel, iron ore, crude steel, aluminum, and coal. According to French Customs, France is the worlds second largest agricultural producer after the United States (Department of State, 2012). France’s agricultural productions include grain, dairy, pork, poultry, apples, beef, fruits, vegetables, and wine. Current Economic Conditions: The current economic conditions in France are looking good. France is currently transitioning from an economy that was mostly controlled by the government to one that relies more on a market driven system. Being able to operate under this new economic system will allow us to control more aspects within our company. This is definitely something to consider in regards to our foreign direct investment (FDI). Frances current leaders remain committed to capitalism by looking to maintain social equity by means of tax policies, laws, and social spending (Department of State, 2012). France’s GDP is $2. 214 trillion dollars, which is 10th in comparison to the rest of the world (World Fact book, 2012). The French government expects GDP growth of 1. 0% for 2012 (Department of State, 2012). This is a great time for us to open a GAP in France knowing that the economic forecast is looking bright. France is one of the founding members of the European Union (EU) and well respected by other members. The currency used in France as well as other countries within the EU is the euro. One euro is currently equaled to 1. 32705 USD. This is one negative aspect of our business proposal that we will have to deal with. The French government’s current economic policy aims to promote domestic growth and investments. Reducing the high unemployment rate and creating jobs has been a top priority (global EDGE, 2012). Infrastructure of France: This will be a welcoming approach to help solve unemployment issues in France. Cultural Analysis: The ethnic groups within France include Celtic, Latin, Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Sub-Saharan African, Indochinese, and Basque minorities (World Factbook, 2012). Religions in France include Roman Catholic (Majority), Muslim, Protestant, and Jewish. France is home to the largest number of Muslims and Jews in all of Europe. The language spoken in France is French. Throughout history, French has been the international language of commerce and diplomacy (Department of State, 2012). Some of France’s biggest cultural accomplishments include those made to fashion, cinema, and cuisine. Noteworthy, Paris, France is considered one of the fashion capitals of the world and is home to successful fashion brands such as Jean-Paul Gaultier Celine, Chanel, Balenciaga, Chloe, Dior, Givenchy, and Vuitton (ParisDigest, 2012). France’s love for fashion will open great opportunities for our business and help us to establish the GAP brand throughout Europe. The reputable fashion industry in France will can be beneficial for us in the development of our operation guidelines. Social Institutions: France is made up of different ethnicities, religious backgrounds, and cultures which we must consider when executing business activities such as marketing. I would suggest that all employees heading to France to conduct business participate in a cultural awareness program. Informal Trade Barriers: Being a member of the EU has helped France and other European nations maintain healthy trade relations. However, there are some informal trade barriers that may hinder these trade relations. Communication failure is one of the biggest informal trade barriers that exist. A current goal of the French government is to reduce budget deficits to help ensure sustainable growth. In 2008, in order to become more competitive, the National Assembly passed four bills to modernize the economy and reform the labor market (Department of State, 2012). President Sarkozy is credited with increasing the tax credit for investments in small and medium enterprises, as well as eliminating the annual flat business tax. These are definite signs that France is moving in the right direction in regards to their economy, and a great sign that this is the perfect time to establish our business. Formal Trade Barriers: There are two factors that seem to motivate the trend toward globalization. These two factors include declining trade barriers and changes in communication, transportation technologies, and information (Hill, 2011). Regional economic integration has stimulated France’s economy by lowering trade barriers and emplacing fewer restrictions to help increase trade among members of the EU. However, if the EU decides to erect trade barriers on non-EU members, France will have to abide by them. This could cause a negative impact on trade relations with other countries outside of the EU. Trade and investments between France and the United States are extremely strong. France currently ranks as the U. S’s eighth largest trading partner for total goods (Department of State, 2012). Promoting Global Business: Promoting global business is a priority among all EU members, especially France. France has worked to strengthen political and economic influences of the EU throughout the world. France’s drive to promote global business will aid us in the establishment of our business. Tax Implications: Recently, France has been pursuing a policy to reduce corporate tax. Currently the nominal rate of corporate tax is 33. 33% higher than the European average. However, according to international comparative studies, France had the lowest business setup and operating costs in the EU (Invest in France, 2012). These costs include labor, facility costs, transport, utility costs and corporate tax. Selecting a Global Company Structure Strategic Planning In an attempt to broaden our customer base GAP Inc. looks to expand its market into France. Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the worlds fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses, including Chanel, Dior, Vuitton, and many more. Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the seventeenth century. It is our desire to maintain a permanent presence in the region to capitalize on the long-term growth opportunities of that country. Entry Mode Entry will be gained by establishing facilities in the new market. With the help of independent representatives and agents who reside in the new market, we look to construct and capitalize on the market available to us. Organizational Structure Due to the difficulty of working globally with a centralized functional structure, and the communication gaps that come from working in divisional silos, most modern companies employ a hybrid structure that combines elements of each. We look to do the same thing. There is no single hybrid structure, but rather a range from mostly-functional to mostly-divisional, which varies between companies. We will have a central headquarters that sets strategy and high-level policy, combined with geographic divisions that determine their operational methods, and may have internal functional departments within the division. The Action Plan Our business operations will simply be an extension of what has already been established in the U. S. We look to provide France with its very own unique selection based on the trends of each market and region. Our objectives are to establish a long-term presence in the region through participating in one of the country’s most valued areas and also capitalize on the opportunities available within France. One facility will be used as the starting point of this expansion. We will begin by uniquely designing and advertising clothing that fits the new region of France. With a reputation as one the worlds fashion capitals, we will have to adapt to a higher class of fashion and consistently keep on pace with the latest trends and styles. Specifically we will consult some independent designers residing in the new region and work with them alongside our own designers to collectively create new clothing and designs crafted just for this market. This will be and ongoing process for the beginning of the entry into France. Once a solid customer base has been established we will look to expand and establish more facilities within France including Paris. Product and Target Market Planning Product Concept We have a unique opportunity here to expand the knowledge of our multifaceted company. Although GAP, Inc. is our parent company, Banana Republic, Piperlime, Athleta, and Old Navy are well recognized brands we are proud to provide affordable, classic American style clothing. Product Life Cycle There is a previous history of opening locations within this country and we will continue with these vendors and contractors. Expansion projects in France for the entire brand have been on schedule, on budget, and well established within the community. Branding and Packaging With Stephen Sunnucks as President of Gap Inc. ’s International, we have the talent developed in fashion and local icons at New Look, which topped 700 locations throughout Europe. Colin Funnell runs Gap, Inc. Global Supply and has a record of dependable logistics. Our brand has worldwide recognition for our leadership and for its reliable supply of goods. Target Market The primary target for the GAP stores, which are known as iconic, inventive, and classic American, is the original vision for the founder, Don Fisher, and that is the â€Å"Generation Gap† of the 1960’s, and thus the name â€Å"Gap†. This would be middle aged shoppers of both genders. The clothes in the Gap stores have a more timeless and properness about them. The style is not suggestive or skimpy at all. Banana Republic appeals to a more luxurious taste, fashion forward and youthful shoppers. The shoppers here are more confident, mature, and sophisticated when choosing accessories and fragrance as well. Men and women in their twenties and up will enjoy the finer side of casual dressing. These stores even smell wonderful. Old Navy offers more whimsical and friendly side to affordable fashion for all ages of family members. Colorful and durable make it a working class family’s problem solver. Piperlime is where hot trends, fashion news, and boutique styling all meet. Our shopper here is getting a diverse and creative collection of ladies day and evening dressing. Courageous and adventurous style is common and prices vary by item, so anyone can enjoy this eclectic boutique. Athleta is a line of ladies performance and exercise garments. Strong sponsorship in tournaments and health promotion make ladies seek this store out. From newborn pajamas to prom night accessories to a matriarch’s distinguished garments, we have many bases covered in this family of Gap, Inc. We grow with our clients, literally. We have an extensive presence in the region including national and international advertising, promotion, and logistics ensured by proven leadership and secure contracts. Designing a Global Distribution Strategy Promotional Goals: As we continue to expand our presence internationally, were more aware than ever how our decisions affect the communities in which we do business. And our philosophy will be to seek to make a positive, lasting impact on the people in France. We plan to listen to our customers, and share their expectations. For us, that means looking deeper into our supply chain to ensure that we take a responsible path throughout the product lifecycle, from the source to our stores. Promotional Strategy: We will intensify the presentation of denim and sweats, both of which we feel has been under merchandised, and merchandise additional categories such as accessories, outerwear and swimwear, and finally, create more of a departmental distinction between the mens and womens business, particularly the latter which requires more fixturing for hanging garments as the fashion component increases. Media Plan: Advertising is a way of promoting a business, product or service. Advertising introduces consumers to new products and services. It provides exposure and legitimacy, so the more a business spends on advertising, the more consumers are aware a business exists. Here are some different methods of advertising that we would use; magazines- which will give us a way to target a variety of consumers, television-which will give viewers visual representations of our products, the internet- through the internet we will reach out to more households and business enterprises than any available medium, and lastly, another method of advertising that we would use is word of mouth. We would accomplish this by providing a satisfactory service and product to every customer. Planning a Global Promotion Strategy Distribution Channel: Well-chosen channels constitute a significant competitive advantage, so our products will move directly from us to our consumers. Distribution Barriers: Opening a new location in France will be a good strategic plan for the company but the company will be exposed to social, political and economic risks in France. Import restrictions, including the alterations in tariffs and quotas could influence the importation of our products and add to the company’s cost or diminishes supplies.

Beer-Lambert’s Law Experiment

Beer-Lambert’s Law Experiment Design Project on  Beer- Lambert’s Law. Saswati Rakshit Aim: To learn and understand the basics and mathematical calculations of the following problem and write programs accordingly. Problem 1: Suppose an outdoor multispectral image is captured by a camera with a path length of 1-3 microns. A part of the intensity is attenuated by the absorption of small particles in the atmosphere for that spectral range and let the scattering by the small particles for that spectral range is 0. Find the total attenuation in the spectral range using Simpson 1/3  ­, trapezoidal and Euler integration methods and comment in your findings. Scope/Application: Beer Lambert’s law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is passing. When light passes through a medium some amount of light is absorbed by the medium. For this absorption intensity of light reduces. Beer Lambert’s law states that the quantity of light absorbed is directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the path length of the light through the transmission medium Beer Lambert’s law is used to find total attenuation of light when light passes through a medium(considering scattering is zero).It is also used to find the concentration of medium in chemical analysis, medium length in some application and absorbance of medium when necessary. Introduction of Beer Lambert Law: Lambert’s law is (Related to thickness/path length of medium) When light passes through an absorbing medium its intensity decreases exponentially as the path length of the absorbing medium increases. I = I0 e-k1 L †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(i) (where L is the length of medium and k1 is molar extinction/absorption co-efficient for the absorbing material) Beer’s law is (Related to concentration of absorbing medium) When light passes through medium(absorbing) its intensity decreases exponentially as the concentration of the absorbing medium increases. I = I0e-k2C †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..(ii) (C concentration of medium and k2 is absorption co-efficient for the absorbing material) Combining both Beer’s and Lambert’s law we get I = I0 e-k3CL combining eqn (i) and (ii) Where I0 = Incident light intensity I = Transmitted Light intensity C=concentration / volume L= path length of medium We consider an outdoor multispectral image is captured by a camera with a spectral range of 1-3 microns. A part of the intensity is attenuated by the absorption of small particles in the medium.so image will be attenuated. Beer Lambert’s law find the attenuation caused by absorption for that spectral range and let the scattering by the small particles for that spectral range is 0. Objectives: In a given path length 1 to 3 micron, we have considered a constant value of molar extinction/absorption co-efficient.and now we need to find the absorbance total attenuation of the incident light using Beer’s Lambert Law. And then applying Simpson’s 1/3, Trapezoidal and Euler Integration in it compare the result. System flow: Implementation of the Beer Lambert’s law needs a proper mathematical understanding of the Beer Lambert’s law. Here I am showing how to set the equation using its mathematical basics First we apply Beer Lambert’s Law for a medium which absorbs light in spectral range 1-3 micron. Considering no scattering we assume I0 is the incident light to the medium Air of attenuation coefficient 1.64at temperature 20oC. Here path length travelled by light is 1 to 3 micron. According to Beer Lambert’s law light intensity is decreased if concentration path length increase. So we get the equation I=Io e-kcl = Io e- µl Now as we know the path length l and attenuation coefficient  µ, we calculate absorbance of the medium using eqn Log10 = kcl (Where l is constant) = e kcl But now for a spectral range 1 to 3 micron path length we need to formulate a new equation by integrating ranged from .001mm to .003 mm [Here x is path length and c is attenuation coefficient] Solving the above eqn we get total absorbance. Thus Beer Lambert’s law is successfully implemented in our problem. Now we apply Simpson 1/3 rd, trapezoidal rule on Beer’s Lambert Law to find total attenuation. Finally compare the result of Simpson’s 1/3 rd and Trapezoidal rule with the actual integration. Flow Diagram: Math: Beer-Lambert Law Concept Consider a light incident on a medium with area A and thickness dx and concentration of molecules C. Number of molecules illuminated by light of incident intensity Ix is CAdx. Total effective area ÏÆ'CAdx. Probability of light being absorbed in thickness dx is = dx [where dIx is the change in intensity across dx and ÏÆ' is scattering coefficient] So we can write, = dx †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (i) Now we integrate both sides of (i) ln (I) – ln(I0) = ln = ÏÆ'Cx I = I0e-ÏÆ'Cx = I0 e µx †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(ii) The co-efficient  µ=ÏÆ' C is the linear attenuation co-efficient. Here C=Absorbing co-efficient ÏÆ' = Scattering co-efficient. The ibrightness of light decreases exponentially with depth in the medium. So we can tell Beer-Lambert Law is also a function of( ÃŽ »), i.e. I (ÃŽ ») = I0 (ÃŽ ») e- µ(ÃŽ »)x†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(iii) Calculation: (Here we considered linear attenuation) Given spectral range 0.001 mm to 0.003 mm Let we consider Absorbing coefficient(C) of Transmission Medium (Air) = 1.64 at 20o C. So total absorption (A) of light is calculated by integrating in the spectral range, [from eqn ii] = (1) = = 0.002006571 Now we can easily calculate attenuated intensity of light (I). Attenuation is the loss of light intensity over distance. The greater the distance, the lower is the intensity Where I=I0 -Attenuation Trapezoidal rule:- We know, in case of multiple application of Trapezoidal rule, the formula is: = [f(x0) + 2) + f(xn)] So, here applying the above formula for equation (1) we get: = 0.0005[[ 0.001 + 2 + [] 0.003] = 0.0005[1.001641346 + 2.00657077 + 1.004932123] = 0.0005[4.013144239] =0.002006572 (Ans.) Here, x0 = x0.001, xn = x0.003, b = 0.003, a = 0.001, n = 2, = 0.0005. Simpson’s rule: We know, composite Simpson’s rule formula is written as: = [f(x0) + 4) +2) + f(xn)] So, here applying the above formula for equation (1) we get: = 0.0003[[ 0.001 + 4 + [] 0.003] = 0.0003[1.001641346 + 4.01314154 + 1.004932123] = 0.001805914 (Ans.) Here, = 0.0003. Euler’s formula: Here, = y(0.001) = = 0 (assumption) y(0.003) = ≈ and we have to find the value of equation (1) using Euler’s formula which is, = + f (, ) h let us choose h = 0.001 Step-1 i=0, = 0.001, = 0, h = 0.001 = + f (, ) h = 0 + f (0.001, 0) 0.001 = 0.001001641 Step-2 i=1, = 0.002, = 0.001001641, h = 0.001 = + f (, ) h = 0.001001641 + f (0.001, 0.001001641) 0.001 = 0.0020049426 This is actually the value of the function at i.e. at (+h) or (0.002+0.001) or 0.003. So, = = 0.0020049426-0 = 0.0020049426 (Ans.) We find that the result of all above technique is almost same if we take approximation i.e.0.002. CODES and OUTPUT: Beer Lambert’s Law: #include #include #include int main() {float absorbtion,m,l,u; printf(nEnter spectral range); scanf(%f%f,l,u); printf(nnenter the value of absorption cofficient); scanf(%f,m); absorbtion=(1/m)*(pow(2.718,(m*u))-pow(2.718,(m*l))); printf(nnTotal absorption is %f: ,absorbtion); getch(); } Output: Simpson 1/3rd rule: #include #include #include void main() {float x[10],y[10],Total=0,h,t; int i,n,j,k=0; printf(nhow many values you will enter: ); scanf(%d,n); for(i=0; i { printf(nn x%d: ,i); scanf(%f,x[i]); printf(nn f(x%d): ,i); scanf(%f,y[i]); } h=x[1]-x[0]; n=n-1; Total = Total + y[0]; for(i=1;i { if(k==0) { Total = Total + 4 * y[i]; k=1 } else { Total = Total + 2 * y[i]; k=0; } } Total = Total + y[i]; Total = Total * (h/3); printf(nn I = %f , Total); getch();} Trapezoidal rule: #include #include #include int main(){ float x[10],y[10], Total =0,h; int i,n,j,k=0; float fact(int); printf(nhow many values of ranges you will be enter: ); scanf(%d,n); for(i=0; i {printf(nn x%d: ,i); scanf(%f,x[i]); printf(nn f(x%d): ,i); scanf(%f,y[i]); } h=x[1]-x[0]; n=n-1; for(i=0;i if(k==0) { Total = Total + y[i]; k=1; }else Total = Total + 2 * y[i];} Total = Total + y[i]; Total = Total * (h/2); printf(nn I = %f , Total); getch();} Future Work Scope: This Beer Lambert’s law can be used in image processing application where atmospheric condition is poor to find the attenuation of light and image by absorption of light. Implementing Euler Method. References: Weisstein, Eric W. Simpsons Rule. From MathWorldA Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SimpsonsRule.html. (Accessed on 26.04.2015) Basics of Trapezoidal and Simpson Rules, www.math.umd.edu/~jmr/141/Simpson.pdf. Lal, A. K., Simpsons Rule, 2007, http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu.(Accessed on 20.04.2015) http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu. (Accessed on 19.03.2015) Garrett, P., Absorption and Transmission of light and the Beer-Lambert Law, Lecture 21, 2006, www.physics.uoguelph.ca/~pgarrett/Teaching.html. (Accessed on 26.04.2015) Mudakavi, J. R., Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Lecture – 07, Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry – 3 Theoretical Aspects, http://nptel.ac.in/courses/103108100/7  (Accessed on 26.04.2015). www.chemwiki.ucdavis.edu. (Accessed on 19.03.2015)

Marketing Research Tools Essay -- Market Research

Marketing Research Tools Before launching or expanding a business venture, there needs to be an understanding of the industry, its competitors, and its customers. Market research is vital in assisting companies in the decision-making process and their marketing direction. Data from marketing research is important because it provides companies with ways to identify opportunities, identify market potential, minimize chances of loss, devise effective marketing strategies, gauge customer satisfaction, and serve as an evaluation tool. A wide-range of marketing research tools is available to market researchers and organizational decision makers. The following focuses specifically on data collection methods for conducting both primary and secondary research and provides an examination of the differences in primary and secondary research when using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Primary and Secondary Market Research Primary Market Research A company’s marketing research objective could be to establish the market level of a product or service; establish strategies of industry competitors; establish the level of consumer awareness, and establish what the four Ps should be (product, price, place, and promotion). Market research is categorized into two types; primary and secondary market research. Primary market research, also referred to as field research, is tailored to the specific needs of a company. Primary market research allows companies to investigate specific areas of interest, which is conducted directly by the company or contracted out to a third party research firm. Primary data-collection methods aim at getting the right information about the trends in the market firsthand; under this approach a company gets inf... ... the company already knows what it wants to study or not. Works Cited Brockfield Solutions. (2012). Secondary & Primary Research. Retrieved from http://www.brockfieldsolutions.co.uk/secondary-and-primary-research.aspx DeVault, G. (n.d.). Choosing Between Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. What Are You Trying to Prove? Retrieved from http://marketresearch.about.com/od/market.research.techniques/a/Choosing-Between-Qualitative-And-Quantitative-Methods.htm Entrepreneur Media, Inc. (2012). Marketing Research. Retrieved from http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/term/82400 (and 82616).html Kumar, D. A., & Day, G. S. (2007). Marketing Research (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. SFGate. (2012). The Difference Between Secondary and Primary Market Research. Retrieved from http://allbusiness.sfgate.com/marketing/market-research/1310-2.html Marketing Research Tools Essay -- Market Research Marketing Research Tools Before launching or expanding a business venture, there needs to be an understanding of the industry, its competitors, and its customers. Market research is vital in assisting companies in the decision-making process and their marketing direction. Data from marketing research is important because it provides companies with ways to identify opportunities, identify market potential, minimize chances of loss, devise effective marketing strategies, gauge customer satisfaction, and serve as an evaluation tool. A wide-range of marketing research tools is available to market researchers and organizational decision makers. The following focuses specifically on data collection methods for conducting both primary and secondary research and provides an examination of the differences in primary and secondary research when using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Primary and Secondary Market Research Primary Market Research A company’s marketing research objective could be to establish the market level of a product or service; establish strategies of industry competitors; establish the level of consumer awareness, and establish what the four Ps should be (product, price, place, and promotion). Market research is categorized into two types; primary and secondary market research. Primary market research, also referred to as field research, is tailored to the specific needs of a company. Primary market research allows companies to investigate specific areas of interest, which is conducted directly by the company or contracted out to a third party research firm. Primary data-collection methods aim at getting the right information about the trends in the market firsthand; under this approach a company gets inf... ... the company already knows what it wants to study or not. Works Cited Brockfield Solutions. (2012). Secondary & Primary Research. Retrieved from http://www.brockfieldsolutions.co.uk/secondary-and-primary-research.aspx DeVault, G. (n.d.). Choosing Between Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. What Are You Trying to Prove? Retrieved from http://marketresearch.about.com/od/market.research.techniques/a/Choosing-Between-Qualitative-And-Quantitative-Methods.htm Entrepreneur Media, Inc. (2012). Marketing Research. Retrieved from http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/term/82400 (and 82616).html Kumar, D. A., & Day, G. S. (2007). Marketing Research (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. SFGate. (2012). The Difference Between Secondary and Primary Market Research. Retrieved from http://allbusiness.sfgate.com/marketing/market-research/1310-2.html

Wuthering Heights: Sympathy With The Villain Essay -- essays research

Heathcliff, the main character in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, has no heart. He is evil to the core - so savage that his lone purpose is to ruin others. Yet at the very moment at which the reader would be expected to feel the most antipathy towards the brute -after he has destroyed his wife, after he has degraded the life of a potentially great man, and after he has watched the death of his son occur with no care nor concern, the reader finds himself feeling strangely sympathetic towards this character. The answer to this oddity lies in the presentation of the character himself, which causes us to be more pitying of him than we otherwise might. Bronte’s describes the young boy, Heathcliff, as†dark, almost as if he came from the devil,† immediately spurring the reader to view the character as evil and immoral. His actions from thence forward largely tend to enhance this notion. From the very get go he hates Hindley, and although the feeling is mutual, Heathcliff certainly does his just portion of cruel deeds. In one incident Mr Earnshaw has given both Hindley and Heathcliff a colt. When Heathcliff’s colt goes lame, he threatens to blackmail Hindley if he does not trade with him. At a young age, he begins to plot revenge against Hindley. â€Å"I’m trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back,† he says, â€Å"I don’t care how long I wait, if I can only do it at last. I hope he will not die before I do!† And in his adult years, we find him teaching Hindley’s son Hareton to swear desiring that the boy become just as foul as he. As the novel continues, Heathcliff devel ops another aversion. This time, to the man that married his lover, Edgar Linton. In one particular scene Edgar, Catherine, and Heathcliff are all involved in a passionate dispute. â€Å"I wish you the joy of a milk-blooded coward,† he says, â€Å"....I compliment you on your taste. And that is the slavering, shivering thing you preferred me too. I would not strike him with my fist, but I’d kick him with my foot and experience considerable satisfaction.† After the completion of this speech, Heathcliff proceeds to just as he had discussed. Later, to gain power of Edgar, Heathcliff elopes with Edgar’s sister, Isabella. Their marriage proves to be far from delightful, for Heathcliff has no love for Isabella. â€Å"Is Mr Heathcliff a man?† Isabella writes, â€Å"If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil?† Heathcliff’s com... ...ovel draws to a close, Heathcliff realizes the futility of his life, as it has been spent on that one task. â€Å"I get levers and mattocks to demolish the two houses (referring to Edgar’s and Hindley’s) and train myself to be capable of working like Hercules, and when everything is ready and in my power, I find the will to life a slate off either roof has vanished!...I could do it; and none would hinder me. But where is the use?...I have lost the faculty of enjoying their destruction, and I am too idle to destroy for nothing.† Upon realizing this, Heathcliff wills himself to die. Thus, despite Heathcliff’s immoral behavior and throughly evil actions, the book closes leaving the reader with a pitying disposition on the character’s behalf. After never being taught to love, being abused, losing ones love, and living for one thing only to later discover it’s futilty, one might ponder that Heathcliff couldn’t help but be how was. The circumstances were almost beyond his control. The passionate, violent environment of Wuthering Heights shaped him into the fiend that he was. And to read of that hellish existence is enough to impart a sympathetic sigh from even the most critical of readers.

Reciprocity In All Its Forms Essay -- Essays Papers

Reciprocity In All Its Forms Reciprocity is symbolic of creating, maintaining, or strengthening social relationships as well as satisfying the material needs and wants of someone in need. It refers to the exchange of objects without the use of money or other media of exchange. It can take the form of sharing, hospitality, gifts, or bartering. Anthropologists identify three forms of reciprocity. One form is generalized reciprocity, which is the giving of goods without expectation of a return of equal value at any definite future time. Generalized reciprocity occurs mainly between individuals who are emotionally attached to one another and have a responsibility to help one another on the basis of need. In the United States, parents who provide their children with shelter, food, vehicles, college educations, and interest-free loans are practicing generalized reciprocity. Giving without the expectation of a quick and equivalent return should also occur between certain other kinds of social relations, such as wives and husbands, siblings, and sometimes close friends. Among certain groups of people more goods are exchanged using this form than any other. For example, most members of small hunting and gathering groups are expected to share food and be generous with their possessions. Generalized reciprocity happens in all human populations and is the dominant mode of exchange in v ery small groups in which all or most members are relatives. Another form is balanced reciprocity, in which the products exchanged are expected to have roughly equal value. Moreover, another characteristic is that there is no bargaining between the parties. The return may be expected immediately, or whenever the giver demands it, or by some specified... ... reciprocity into another can be used as a way of changing the nature of a social relationship. Because the form of reciprocity practiced between two individuals is related to the degree of social distance between them, the social distance can be decreased or increased by one party initiating a new form of exchange. For example, someone can draw another person closer by tentatively initiating a relationship of balanced reciprocity. In conclusion, forms of reciprocity tend to be associated with types of social relations, so the reciprocity practiced between people changes as their relationship changes. People can use reciprocity to achieve social goals. For example, people can send positive or negative messages by either reciprocating or refusing to reciprocate gifts or invitations. Lastly, reciprocity can be used as a way of shortening or lengthening social distance.

Significamt Health Care Event

Significant Health Care Event Violet Sowell HCS/ 531 Feburary 4, 2013 Regina Phelps Significant Health Care Event In the paper the topic to be discussed is a significant healthcare event. There are many events that have an impact on healthcare. The significant event that will be discussed in more detail is managed care. The main points to be discussed in further details are how managed care relates to the changes in health care, has managed care impacted the historical evolution of health care, and based on beliefs and values do I agree with managed care’s significance.To fully understand the significant health care event managed care first needs to be defined. According to Shi, L. , & Singh, D. (2012), â€Å"Managed care is a system of health care delivery that seeks to achieve efficiencies by integrating the four functions of health care delivery discussed earlier, employs mechanisms to control (managed) utilization of medical services, and determines the price at which the services are purchased and, consequently, how much the provides get paid† (P. 8). Managed Care Relating to the Changes in Health CareHealth care costs are rising significantly throughout the years. In the 1990s rising cost in managed care grew rapidly resulting in consumers to keep up with these rising costs. Individuals who are paying health care insurance out of pocket are struggling to pay these costs. Conklin, T. stated, â€Å"Managed care-on the other hand-reflects a significant change in doing business that gradually reached most areas of the health care arena† (2002). With the changes in health care costs hospital admissions are reducing, increase of ambulatory care, out-patient surgeries, and home care (Conklin, T, 2012).Individuals’ deductibles and co-pays are increasing in result of managed care. There are many struggles that health providers face when working in managed care. Raiz, I. A. (2006), â€Å"The experiences of mental health providers workin g in managed care settings have paralleled those of providers working in the general health care field, as both are affected by market place trends† (P. 2). Different health providers are affected by the changes in managed care in one way or the other. Managed Care’s impact on Historical Evolution of Health CareI believe that that managed care impacted the historical evolution of health care. When managed care was developed in the United States the main purpose was to improve medical care outcomes as well as efficiency. Westert, G. P. , â€Å"During the second half of the twentieth century, managed care developed in the United States as a mechanism for constraining the growth of health care costs by controlling the delivery system† (2005). The federal government decided to offer managed care options through Medicare because of the growing expenses that the elderly have to through Medicare.Westert, â€Å"Reductions in health care utilization brought about by mana ged care in the western United States have been adopted in other areas of the nation and the world† (2005). After the increase of managed care through the 1980’s and 1990’s as well as the twentieth century managed care began to decline. The association between the plans and the health care providers began to weaken in the United States when dealing with managed care. Once managed care began rising in cost consumers and providers decided to look elsewhere. Managed care began to change so that the health care providers and consumers come back to use the plans.When managed care began to decline the increase of insurance deductibles for employee offered by the employers. Agreeing with Managed Care’s Significance based on beliefs and values Based on my beliefs and values I personally agree on managed care’s significance. Managed care has had up and downs throughout the years. The federal government has changed managed care to help the consumers and provi ders to ensure efficiency and effectiveness for the patient’s. Managed care offers employers the chance to raise deductibles in order to lower insurance premiums. ConclusionManaged care has made an impact on the evolution of health care beginning with the decline of health care cost to the increase in these costs. Managed care has been changed over the years to better improve the plans for consumers and providers. The federal government is working to find way to improve health care costs for the consumers so that the costs are affordable. References Conklin, T. P. (2002). Health Care in the â€Å"United States: An evolving system. Families & HealthCare. Vol. &, no. 1, Fall 2002. Retrieved from http://hdl. handle. net/2027/spo. 919087. 0007. 102 Riaz, I. A. (2006). The effect of managed care on professional psychology. Spalding University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 132-132 p. Retrieved fromhttp://search. proquest. com/docview/304917965? accountid=35812. (304917965 ). Shi, L. , & Singh, D. (2012). Delivering health care in America: A system approach. (5th ed). Boston, Ma: Jones and Bartlett. Westert, G. P. (2005). Current and future developments in managed care in the United States and implications for Europe. Retrieved from http://www. health-policy-systems. com/content/3/1/4

An Educational Workplace Challenge Essay

â€Å"It is our deep faith that God is compassionate and merciful, and mercy is what he bestows upon His subjects. He is generous and beautiful, and beauty is what he gives. That is how we should see the world, beautiful, with all its resources and contents, known to us or unknown. Qatar, our beloved, is also rich in natural resources. Be it human buds or wild flowers. All are blossoms, all are natural, all are beautiful bearing Qatar’s name. Let us all work together, caring for our little buds. Lets us plant them deep in the consciousness of our land. Let us nurture them with love and care to help them blossom into flowers filled with beautiful scents and filling their surroundings with beauty. † Her Highness Sheikha Moza Bint Nasser Bin Abdullah Al-Missned. (Shafallah 2007) â€Å"A picture says more than a thousand words. † For an educational institution, the vision statement shows the picture of what the school will be at its best. On the one hand, the vision is the very basis for everything that the school, the management, the teachers, the students, their parents and the community, all work for. On the other hand, the mission is the means to achieve this vision. The mission determines the strategies that will be implemented by the school management to achieve its goals and vision. Leadership takes a significant role in the achievement of this mission. This paper discusses workplace challenges and the influence of leadership in the achievement of successful school reforms. The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs and its efforts to solve its major problems and improve the implementation of its educational programs will be discussed using the concepts on leadership. Specifically, the paper will focus on the concept of parallel leadership and the roles of the school management and teaching professionals as leaders in influencing the school’s needed reforms. The Workplace The School The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs is a non-profit private school located in Doha City, Qatar, providing comprehensive services and care to individuals with departmental learning challenges, their families and the community. It was established in 1998 through the efforts of community leaders who believe in the vitality and importance of the family and the child’s role in the society particularly those children with special needs. They want to provide the children with the best care, services and educational facilities that will enable them to adapt to the surrounding environment in order to live among others in the community, and eventually secure their future. The center provides diagnosis, evaluation, school programs, training and development services for all children with all forms of disabilities from ages three to twenty-one years old. The goals and objectives of the school are: To provide comprehensive educational, instructional, rehabilitation, social, vocational and recreational services for children with special needs. To provide support and family counseling services to families of children with special needs, including individual and group therapy. To provide community awareness on dealing with children with special needs, as well as fostering acceptance and understanding of the nature of disabilities. To provide training opportunities through Shafallah Center and establishing an international entity specializing in this field. To serve as an advocate for public policy and legislative support of appropriate educational and vocational programs for children with special needs. (Shafallah 2007) School funds are generated from local and international grants and from regular tuition and matriculation of the students. The school offers five (5) programs aligned for students depending on age and learning concentration. These are the Pre-school and kindergarten which enrolls students ages 3-5. The school unit 2 is for students aging 6-21 with mild and moderate challenges, its coursework are in pre-academic, academic and pre-vocational and emphasizes on social and daily life skills. Unit 3 caters to students with mild and severe intellectual and developmental disabilities from ages 6-21; its programs are aimed to increase independence and activities are centered on daily living, self care and basic communication including socialization and leisure education. Unit 4 is designed for those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, ages ranging from 6-21. The program uses the model TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic Related Communication Handicapped Children) and other models tailored for these children.

Bureaucracy & Formal Organizations

Chapter Summary Society is organized â€Å"to get its job done†. It does so through formal organizations and bureaucracies. The same system that can be frustrating and impersonal is also the one on which we rely for our personal welfare and to fulfill our daily needs. The society of today, however is not the society of yesterday, nor will it be the society of tomorrow. The rationalization of society refers to a transformation in people's thinking and behavior over the past 150 years, shifting the focus from personal relationships to efficiency and results.Karl Marx attributed this transformation to capitalism, while Max Weber, who disagreed with Marx, related it to Protestant theology. As a result of rationality, formal organizations, secondary groups designed to achieve specific objectives, have become a central feature of contemporary society. With industrialization, secondary groups have become common. Today, their existence is taken for granted. They become a part of our l ives at birth and seem to get more and more complex as we move through the life course.The larger the formal organization, the more likely it will turn into a bureaucracy. Bureaucracies are defined as formal organizations characterized by five features that help them reach their goals, to grow, and endure. These five features are (1) clear levels, with assignments flowing downward and accountability flowing upward, (2) a division of labor, (3) written rules, (4) written communications with records, and (5) impartiality. Although bureaucracies are the most efficient forms of social organization, they can also be dysfunctional.Dysfunctions of bureaucracies can include red tape, lack of communication between units, and alienation. Examples of these dysfunctions include an overly rigid interpretation of rules and the failure of members of the same organization to communicate among one another. According to Max Weber, the impersonality of bureaucracies tends to produce workers who feel d etached from the organization and each other. According to Karl Marx, workers experience alienation when they lose control over their work and are cut off from the finished product of their labor.To resist alienation, workers form primary groups, banding together in informal settings during the workday to offer each other support and validation. They also personalize their work space with family photographs and personal decorations. Not all workers, however, succeed in resisting alienation. One reason bureaucracies endure and are so resilient is because they tend to take on a life of their own through a process called goal displacement. Once a bureaucracy has achieved its original goals, it adopts new goals in order to perpetuate its existence.A classic example of goal displacement involves the March of Dimes. Originally founded to fight polio, the organization was faced with being phased out after Jonas Salk discovered the polio vaccine. Rather than disband, it adopted a new missio n, â€Å"fighting birth defects†, which was recently changed to a vaguer goal of â€Å"breakthrough for babies†. In addition to bureaucracies, many people in the United States become involved with voluntary organizations, groups made up of volunteers who organize on the basis of some mutual interest.But even voluntary organizations are not immune from the affect of bureaucratization. Although formal organizations provide numerous beneficial functions, they also tend to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite, a phenomenon Robert Michel referred to as the iron law of oligarchy. Even volunteer and non-profit organizations are affected by the iron law of oligarchy. Sociologists use the term, â€Å"corporate culture† to refer to an organization's traditions, values, and unwritten norms. Much of what goes on in corporate culture, however, is hidden.To ensure that the corporate culture reproduces itself at the top levels, people in positions of power groom ot her people they perceive to be â€Å"just like them† for similar positions of power. In the United States, personal achievement is central; workers are hired on the basis of what they can contribute to the organization that hires them. To counter the negative side of bureaucracies, many corporations have begun taking steps to better humanize work settings. This includes the establishment of work teams, corporate day care, employee stock ownership plans, and the quality circles.There has been a great deal of research directed at comparing the Japanese corporate culture to the American corporate culture. The Japanese corporate model differs significantly from the American corporate model in the way it views work, workers, and work organizations. Although considered as superior to the American corporate culture, more recent inspection shows this to be more of a myth than a reality. Successful Japanese businesses have adopted many of the American methods. The real bottom line is that we live in a global marketplace of ideas as well as products, with no single set of cultural values being universally superior.Key Terms in Chapter Seven alienation: Marx's term for the experience of being cut off from the product of one’s labor that results in a sense of powerlessness and normlessness. (p. 181) bureaucracy: A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority; a clear division of labor; emphasis on written rules, communications, and records; and impersonality of positions. (p. 176) capitalism: An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of producing goods and services, the pursuit of profit, and market competition. (p. 176) corporate culture: The orientations that characterize corporate work settings. p. 186) formal organization: A secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives. (p. 176) goal displacement: A goal displaced by another; in this context, the adoption of new goals by an organization; also known as goal replace ment. (p. 182) humanizing a work setting: Organizing a workplace in such a way that it develops, rather than impedes, human potential. (p. 188) Peter principle: A bureaucratic â€Å"law† according to which the members of an organization are promoted for good work until they reach their level of incompetence, the level at which they can no longer do good work. p. 182) rationality: The acceptance of rules, efficiency, and practical results as the right way to approach human affairs. (p. 174) rationalization of society: A widespread acceptance of rationality and a social organization largely built around this idea. (p. 174) self-fulfilling prophecy: As applied to corporate culture, predictions that later come true based upon values and stereotypes. (p. 186) the iron law of oligarchy: Robert Michels’ phrase for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite. (p. 185) he McDonaldization of society: The process by which ordinary aspe cts of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule such things as food preparation. (p. 179) traditional orientation: The idea, characteristic of tribal, peasant, and feudal societies, that the past is the best guide for the present. (p. 174) voluntary association: A group made up of volunteers who have organized on the basis of some mutual interest. (p. 183) Key People in Chapter Seven Alexis de Tocqueville: In his report of his travels across the United States, Democracy in America, Tocqueville observed the tendency of Americans to join voluntary associations. p. 183) Peter Evans and James Rauch: Evans and Rauch found that the most prosperous countries are those with central bureaucracies that hire workers on the basis of merit and offer them rewarding careers. (p. 182) Elaine Fox and George Arquitt: Studying local posts of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Fox and Arquitt found that leadership positions in organizations are typically decided behind the scenes with current lead ers choosing their favorite candidates for other leadership roles. (p. 185)Rosabeth Moss Kanter: In her organizational studies of corporations, Kanter discovered that corporate cultures reproduce themselves at the top levels by selecting workers that they think best match the corporate model; providing those workers with the opportunities and resources to do well; and after they succeed, promoting them to high-level positions. (p. 186). Gary Marx: Noting technology’s role in the control of workers, Gary Marx warned of a maximum-security workplace where computers keep track of every movement workers make on the job. (p. 190)Karl Marx: According to Karl Marx, the rationalization of society was due to the transformation to capitalism, which, in turn, created alienation—workers who lost control of their work and were cut off from the finished product of their labor. (p. 174) Robert Michels: Michels coined the phrase â€Å"the iron law of oligarchy† to describe the t endency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite. (p. 185) William Ouchi: Ouchi identified five ways that the Japanese corporate model differed from the American corporate model. p. 191) George Ritzer: Ritzer coined the term â€Å"the McDonaldization of society† to describe the process by which ordinary aspects of life are becoming more and more rationalized. (p. 179) David Sills: Sills identified four of the seven functions of voluntary associations. (p. 184) Max Weber: According to Weber, a change in people’s religious orientation and their way of thinking produced capitalism. Weber also argued that the impersonality of bureaucracies tends to produce workers who feel detached from their organizations and each other. (p. 175)

Euripides’ play “Medea” Essay

The characters of Euripides’ play Medea require to be viewed from a variety of perspectives. To say that the only characters that deserve the audience’s sympathy are the children is not totally correct. As far as the plot is concerned the children are no doubt the innocent victims of this conflict between Medea and Jason, however there are other characters that also deserve our sympathy. Also to vaguely state that ‘everyone else gets what they deserve’ requires further analysis of the extent to which their ultimate fate is justified. Some critics say that Medea is a mad woman driven by her lack of control of her emotions. Throughout the play this description of her had proven to be true, however this does not mean we do not feel at all sympathetic towards her. If the audience can look at the world through her perspective, then it would not be surprising to see why she is so uncontrollably driven by her fury and passion. As a foreign princess, a wife, a mother and a woman, the humiliation and pain that had been bought upon her is all too overwhelming. ‘She will not eat; she lies collapsed in agony, dissolving the long hours in tears.’ The pain and suffering that Medea experienced deserve the audience’s sympathy. Another source of sympathy that we should feel for Medea comes from her role as a mother. As she decides to kill her own children, her mind becomes torn apart by inner conflict as a mother and as the emotion driven beast. There are many evidence throughout the play that shows her sense of maternal devotion. ‘That you once loved them, that of your body they were born. For one short day forget your children; afterwards weep: though you kill them, they were your beloved sons. Life has been cruel to me.’ From the above quote, the audience is able to see that Medea is not completely cold blooded. Her love towards her children and the inevitable pain of killing them with her bare hands is somewhat tragic and in deserving of sympathy. At the conclusion of the play I would disagree that all the characters deserved the ending they were given. Firstly one has to define and clarify the meaning of justice and justify the extent to which justice was served out to each character. King Creon and his daughter Glauce have committed no  crime and yet they die the most horrendous deaths. It can be concluded that we may not only feel sympathetic towards the children, but also towards Medea for all the misfortunes and tragic events that happen to her. We should also feel sympathetic towards her because of her role as a loving mother. We are shown that justice is not served out to those who most deserve it, and that harsh ends come to those who are innocent, hence the world of Medea and her rampage of revenge. References: Euripides, Medea

Exploring the Intergration of Special Needs Pupils in Main Stream Essay

Exploring the Intergration of Special Needs Pupils in Main Stream Schools - Essay Example Primarily, children with disabilities -- either physical or mental, or both -- were considered as ineducable that they naturally and simply would not be allowed to enroll in educational programs of any form, especially those who are severely disabled; a condition which continues to affect some of these people even until now (Charlton, 2000, p.43). Nevertheless, as civilization sprang and as equality among communities of different backgrounds and characteristics had since then been pushed by many of its advocates, public policies thrust efforts of educating this particular population by creating specific and segregated bodies that can provide and cater for their specific needs (Power-deFur & Orelove, 1997, p.1). The children with SEN are categorized according to their identified needs and disabilities. Parents, and even government authorities, as well as experts, then decide as to what specific institutions and educational models or approaches would fit to offer and accommodate the sp ecial needs of these children based on prior studies and evidences (Lindsay, 2003). Many believe that these steps of segregation are essential; that they not only offer education and a brighter future to the children with learning difficulties but it does so in a safe and secured environment as they (e.g., parents, guardians, etc.) perceive it and as proposed by existing guidelines (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992). However, just as it has been pointed out earlier, human right advocates say that exclusion of children with SEN from the mainstream education is an offense to their rights; resulting to further seclusion of this particular population and their families from the general society which take toll on their social, economical, psychological, and emotional present and future health and... This essay approves that children with disabilities -- either physical or mental, or both -- were considered as ineducable that they naturally and simply would not be allowed to enroll in educational programs of any form, especially those who are severely disabled; a condition which continues to affect some of these people even until now. This report makes a conclusion that the case study will include three main methodologies to gather the data needed for analyses and interpretation. The case participants will be subjected to uninformed observation and one-on-one interview with the child, a family member, a teacher, and a head of the inclusive education institution. The study will mainly follow a descriptive qualitative approach; that is, observations and information collected from the three participants will be summarized, analyzed, and interpreted to identify particular patterns and differences among them as they are subjected to inclusive education considering their learning or educational conditions caused by disabilities. Permission from the parents of the children, their teachers, and the head of the inclusive education institution will also be requested. This will be done to ensure that all the steps undertaken are within the bounds of logical, ethical, and cultural reason, especially that the involved participants have learning disabilities and are minors who are more prone to vulnerabilities than those who have or are not.

Write an evaluation of a published macroeconomic forecast Essay

Write an evaluation of a published macroeconomic forecast - Essay Example This means that there is continuous growth in future, which is brought by the banks’ new advances made on the credits extended to customers. In the next quarter the economy is expected to perform even much better. Another contributor to the economic growth is the housing for the last more than 5 months, sales of real estates hasbeen evident. This is backed by the new modern homes that have been constructed and some which are still under construction. For example, CoreLogic Home Price Index rose by 1.1% in a year. This is according to chapter three of the (economic forecast publication r April 2014). In comparison, the housing construction and sales vary by 9%, construction rate being higher than the sales. This is a growth indicator. Manufacturing and processing sectors have added wonderful growth indicators to the economic growth. The May returns of this year are anticipated to be the highest for the last three years. This follows last years 5% growth, which is highest for the last three years now. Key assumptions here are that: the government does not take care of the borrowers where the cost of loans is very high. The government assumes that there is general growth. They don’t take care of the private sectors and individuals who bear the high cost of economic growth through coast of loans. The second assumption is the policy of selling the homes. It is more beneficial to hold investments than sales, especially real estates. This is in regard to the principle of the investment multiplier concept. The audience of this information is the potential investors, shareholders and the government agencies. Some areas have been exaggerated. Firstly, the sales of assets are lower in long term growth in GDP. Anothe r one is the high cost of loans shifted to borrowers. The borrowers are economically affected. Labor market shows a negative image compared to developments as said earlier in the US economic

Human Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Population - Essay Example Food, water, shelter, healthcare, and security are increasingly becoming a key problem in the society. In Africa, for example, large family sizes are resulting in poor qualities of life. Moreover, population in China and India among other countries in the world exhibits the dire need for controlled population growth on the planet. Insights shed in the video are undoubtedly fundamental to the welfare of the human race. At a personal level, it is important for the contemporary global society to address the issues raised in the program. Water shortages are already hitting many parts of the world. Forest cover has been reducing at an alarming rate across the globe. Education and awareness on contraceptives remain inaccessible to many people around the world. In this respect, the video is an important learning tool for students, parents, social policy makers, and government agencies that deal with population matters. It is important to control and manage global population for improved social, economic, and environmental